Now I can understand if this was a WordPress.com blog and they had restricted certain filetypes (or another shared host). But this was my blog, gosh darnedit, and I was gonna upload that file if I wanted to…!

A quick search revealed just the type of WordPress hack that I needed. Read the full explanation of how to modify the allowed upload types in WordPress on Chris Meller’s blog. The gist of the solution is that WordPress uses a function, “upload_mimes” to check what file types are allowed. You can add a filter to hijack that function, add your own filetype, and pass that back to WordPress.

I followed Chris’ directions, added ‘dng’ to the array, and it worked like a charm. Awesome.

Recently, I found a great plug-in that eliminates this step. I went out and found it because, somehow, I accidentally removed the code from the footer on this website. I don’t remember when or how I did that, but it became apparent when Google Analytics showed that I had 0 traffic for about two weeks.

The plug-in, Google Analyticator, is great for two reasons: it’s entirely automatic and it puts a snapshot of your analytics report in your dashboard.

To set it up, you activate the plug-in and go to the settings section of the dashboard. There, you can log into your Google account and authenticate your WordPress installation so it can access the Google analytics information. The necessary code is automatically inserted, and you don’t have to worry about cutting and pasting anything.

The snapshot of the stats is also cool. It definitely isn’t the full-featured report you get on the Analytics page, but it’ll give you a simple graph of visits and let you know the top performing pages/searches for the past 30 days.

I love the plug-in so much that I’ve installed it on all three of my current sites: this one, Olinda Gibbons Photography, and Digital Photography How To.

In the admin area, you can create custom thumbnails for your images. An image is supposed to pop up that you can drag a thumbnail over. But for some reason, when I opened up the window to create a thumbnail, the image didn’t appear. The image was coming up blank, like if you link to an image that isn’t there.

The actual image was there on the server, so that wasn’t a problem. I followed the trail a bit and figured out that the image for the thumbnail creation process was created by a script, nggshow.php (part of the Nextgen plugin). The script itself was working. It fetched all the information, put it in an object, and then it was supposed to spit out an image.

The problem was that the final output is supposed to be a jpeg. But, some white space was added at the top of the file, so the output was corrupted. The jpeg was there, but the browser couldn’t render it because of the added white space at the top of the file. I don’t know where exactly that was coming from, but it was added in somewhere in the Nextgen Gallery plugin files.

I tried to go through, eliminate any extra lines outside the php tags, and get rid of the white space. I eliminated one of the two newline characters that was in the output, but I couldn’t find the second. After pulling my hair for a while, I realized that I was working with an older version of Nextgen Gallery (1.5.3). I updated to the most recent (1.5.5), and it worked fine. Doh.

So… simple solution. Upgrade to the latest version of the plugin.

But, a key part of the concept was to include a Nextgen Image Gallery in that excerpt. It’s a photography website, and the point of the blog posts is to show pictures. Seems kind of silly to show a text excerpt without the image gallery, eh? I love the Nextgen gallery because it lets me easily upload pictures to the server, organize them into galleries (i.e. job for clients) and then post them on a WordPress page/post with a single piece of shortcode.

The problem is that this shortcode will, by default, execute in the post (when you call the function the_content()), but it won’t execute in the excerpt (when you call the function the_excerpt()).

I searched around and found a simple solution. Open up (or create) a “functions.php” within the root folder of your theme. Insert these two lines of code…

add_filter( 'the_excerpt', 'shortcode_unautop');
add_filter( 'the_excerpt', 'do_shortcode');

This tells WordPress to execute any shortcodes that it finds when you call the_excerpt(). Just what I was looking for…

But have you looked at what WordPress created for you yet? Do you think it looks a bit, umm, ugly?

If you don’t, then I’m here to tell you: It’s ugly.

Luckily you can make it look much prettier with absolutely no web design experience. Even if you do know how to design web sites, choosing a pre-designed theme from WordPress is much quicker than fiddling with the design yourself.

Changing Your Site’s Theme

The appearance of your WordPress site is based on a theme. WordPress provides its users with several dozen free themes to choose from.

To view these themes, go to your Dashboard and click on the Appearance button on the left-hand menu.

This will bring up the Theme Browser. At the top of the page, you’ll see the theme that you are currently listed. The rest of the page is a list of available themes.

Take note that that is only the first page of the available themes. There are five pages worth of themes to pick from – a total of 60+ themes! Not bad for a system that’s 100% free and completely point-and-click.

When you find a theme that you think you like, click on the picture. This will bring up a full size preview of your site with the new theme.

Does it look good? If so, click the “Activate Theme Name Here” link in the upper right. Otherwise, click in the X in the top left and keep looking. There’s bound to be something in there that fits your tastes.

Not All Themes Are Created Equally

When choosing a theme, there are a couple things you should keep in mind.

Sidebars Are Important. Some themes don’t have a sidebar – they just have a list of posts going down the center. This would be ok for a very simple site, but a sidebar is a very useful tool when it comes to navigating your site. I’d think twice about picking a theme that doesn’t have a sidebar on the side. (Note: Don’t worry about what’s in the sidebar. You can change that later)

Wider Is Not Better. The main content area shouldn’t be too wide. About 500px (what you’re reading now) is a good size. Anything wider will make your lines of text too long – and reduce readability. This is especially a concern if you work with students that struggle with reading.

Text Formatting Is Important. Pick a theme because it’s readable, not because it’s cool. Pay attention to the color of the text and the color of the background. Something like “Cutline” (featured in the screenshot above) is very simple, but it’s also very readable. Again, you’ll want to pay special attention to this if your students aren’t great readers. If your site is difficult for your students to read, they just won’t use it. Lose-lose situation.

Play Around. Find Something You Like.

There are a lot of options, so the only way to find the right one is to play around a bit. Take some time to try out different themes before you move on to the next step.

You may want to ask your students for some input. Remember that they are the ones that are going to be reading it regularly! At least we hope so…

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• Previous: Publishing Information: Posting Your First Assignment

Writing posts – like all administrative tasks on your blog – are performed through the dashboard. This is a private area that only you can access. In the dashboard, you can add/edit/delete posts, re-organize your posts, and change your theme, among other things.

Getting to the Dashboard

First thing we’ll need to do is log in and get to the dashboard.

Navigate to WordPress.com. You’ll see a log-in box to the left labeled, “Already hip?” Fill in your user name and password to log in.

Once you’re logged into WordPress.com, you’ll see a gray bar going across the top of the screen. This has a number of options – “My Account,” “My Dashboard(s),” “New Post.”

If you place the mouse over “My Dashboard(s),” you should see the name of your blog. Click on that to enter your blog’s dashboard.

You can also navigate directly to the dashboard for a particular site. Enter the blog’s domain name (i.e. mysite.wordpress.com) and then add ‘/wp-admin’ at the end. For the mysite domain, the full url would be http://mysite.wordpress.com/wp-admin.

If you bookmark this URL, you can get back to your dashboard quickly in the future. If you aren’t already logged in, it will prompt you to do so when you try to access the wp-admin page.

Creating a New Post

In the dashboard, you’ll see a lot of options. You may want to take some time to poke around and explore. 

When you’re ready to move on, find the Posts option in the column on the left. If you click on the little arrow, it will drop down a few options – Edit, Add New, Tags, and Categories. Click on Add New to bring up a blank post for you to edit.

To publish a basic post, fill in the Title box and type up your assignment in the main text area underneath the title. In the screenshot to the right, I just typed up a quick note that the students had a basic homework assignment.

When you’re satisfied with your work, click on the Publish button to the right. You’ll end up back on the same screen, but there will be a message up top that says, “Post published. View post.”

Click on the “View post“ link and you’ll see your brand new post!

Formatting Your Post

Although you could manually create the HTML to format your post, WordPress does all of the hard work for you. By default, it just presents the information as plain text.

You can spice things up a bit with some extra formatting. Underneath the Title field are a handful of buttons to do so. These buttons make up the WYSIWYG (“What You See Is What You Get”) editor for WordPress.

For example, you can make a phrase boldface by highlighting the phrase and clicking the big “B” button. Hmm… does that seem familiar?

For the most part, these basic formatting options (Bold, Italic, Underline, Listing, etc) are done as if you were using a word processor. It should be fairly straightforward.

One button you’ll definitely want to take note of is the one that looks like a chain link. By highlighting a phrase and clicking this button, you can add a hyperlink to another webpage. All you have to do is copy the URL of the target page into the dialog box, and WordPress automatically formats the link for you.

Uploading and Inserting Files

Next, let’s upload a file to include in our post.

Look at the four buttons labeled Upload/Insert. From left to right, these allow you to upload a picture, a video file, a music file, “other” files (i.e. Word Documents, Excel Spreadsheets, pdf files, Power Point slideshows), and polls.

I’m going to add a Power Point slideshow, so I’ll click the fourth button from the left – the pointy sunburst icon.

This brings up an interactive form that lets me upload and label the file.

Click on the “Select File” button and find the file on your computer using the standard Windows Open File dialog box.

You’ll definitely want to fill in the “Title” and “Caption” fields. The “Title” will be the text that WordPress uses when it creates a link to the file.

You can leave the “Description” box empty and leave the Link URL field alone. It defaults to “File URL,” which is what we want.

When you’re done, click “Insert into Post,” and a link will be created to your Power Point file (or other document).

Don’t worry about conserving space with these files. WordPress gives you 3gb of storage on the server. That’s enough to hold a lifetime’s worth of Power Point slides and Word documents. Halfway through the year, I haven’t even come close to using 1% of that allowance (30mb).

Organizing Posts

There’s one last thing we’ll take a look at before we wrap up for the day: organizing your posts. 

You could just publish information on a daily basis without any organization. A patient student would be able to follow your archives backwards (or use the search box) and eventually find the right piece of information.

Or, you could use ome standard WordPress features to help organize your information. The most important tool you have at your disposal for this is Categories.

While you’re writing up a post, there’s a box to the right labeled “Categories.” By default, there’s one category: Uncategorized.

You can create as many categories as you want to organize your posts, and you can put posts into multiple categories. Students can then view posts that are only in a selected category.

For example, you might want to create a category for your different types of assignments – Homework, Classwork, Projects, etc. You also might want to create a category for each Chapter or Unit.

Play Around. Explore.

We just explored some of the basic aspects of making a new post. However, you should play around with some of the other options – adding special formatting, embedding video files (like YouTube videos), uploading pictures, etc.

I’d also give some thought to how you want to organize your posts. Creating that organization structure ahead of time will help you stay organized later on.

When you done, move on to the next step and play around with the layout of your site.

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The next question to surface is probably, “Where and how can I create one of these things?”

If you want to spend some money, you’ve got plenty of options. If you’re like me, though, you’re on a slim budget. Don’t worry – there are a couple great, 100% free options!

The system I used to create Rockin’ American History (the sample site from the previous page) is WordPress.com. It’s simple, elegant, and has a lot of beatiful themes for you to choose from.

Google offers free blogs through Blogger. They are somewhat more simple and straightforward. I tend to find them uglier and more difficult to navigate, although there are some more options for customization.

A third option to consider is Edublogs. They are created using the WordPress software, so in that sense Edublogs is very similar to WordPress.com. However, the group that runs Edublogs has obviously targeted educators in particular. These were a great option for years, but recently they included some advertising that makes the system somewhat less desirable.

For the rest of this guide, I’m going to assume that you’re using WordPress.com.

Creating an Account

Step one. Create an account.

Go to WordPress.com. Click on the obnoxiously large button labeled, “Sign Up Now.” This will bring up a very short registration form.

One common mistake I’ve seen a lot is that people try to include things like dashes and underscores in the “Username” field. Letters and numbers only!

Also, don’t worry about making the “Username” short or easy to remember. This doesn’t necessarily have to be included in the URL of your new website.

You’ll be able to create as many blogs as you want with this one username, so you can continue to use this login next year (or use it for multiple blogs this year, if you need to create different sites for different classes).

Create the Blog

Once you complete the first page, you’ll be taken to a second short form that will allow you to physically create the website.

For the first field (Blog Domain), you should pick something short and easy to remember. I chose “rock08″ for this year’s website – my last name plus “08″ for the 2008-09 school year. Next year, I’ll use rock09, etc.

To get to your new site, the students will type in the phrase you see in the form (like rock09.wordpress.com). Short and easy to remember will make the site more accessible. Long and hard to remember just means that you’ll be working on the site and the students won’t bother to show up!

The second field, “Blog Title,” isn’t so important. Choose something catchy if you want. You can change that later without any trouble.

For the last option, Privacy, you may think it’s a good idea to keep your site out of search engines like Google. In theory, that increases privacy which you and/or your supervisor may desire.

I wouldn’t do that if I were you. After looking over my blogs stats, I’ve found that some students go to Google and type in things like “rock08″ and “rock08.wordpress.com” to find my site.

I’ve never had trouble with non-students finding the site and spamming it – so allowing it to be indexed by Google is just another way for your students to find your site.

And… You’re Done.

After submitting the last form, your site will be created!

Painless, eh? Chances are it took longer for you to read this part of the guide than it did for you to fill out those two forms.

You’ll want to follow the instructions to validate your email address, but otherwise you’re all set. WordPress.com just set up a new site for you, and it’s waiting for you to make it pretty and brimming with content.

You may want to click on the “Login” link and poke around the dashboard for a bit. When you’re done exploring, the next part of this guide will show you how to write up a post and publish it to your site.

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• Previous: Defining Goals: What Do We Want the Class Website to Do?

The site that we’re going to create will be both simple and flexible. We’ll start with some basic goals – giving students and parents access to information about the course – and you can build on that concept later.

As an example, take a look at the class website that I’m using for my US History course this year – Rockin’ American History. I created the site with a few goals in mind:

1. Provide a record of past assignments, for students that are absent or need to make up work.
2. Provide access to useful materials (test review, power point notes, assignment sheets, etc).
3. Provide an easy launching pad for computer-based activities, like webquests.
4. Provide parents with an alternate way to contact me and “check up” on their children.

The easiest system that allows me to achieve these goals quickly and efficiently is a blog. You can create and host a free blog at WordPress.com – that’s the home of my class site.

If you’re feeling brave, you can hop over to WordPress and just play around with the site. If not, let’s take a closer look at how my site works. Then we’ll get into how you can easily build your own.

What Is a Blog?

If you’re new to the Web 2.0 scene, you might be thinking, “What is a blog?”

The simplest definition is that a blog is a collection of posts or articles that are displayed sequentially – according to the date that they are published. If the basic goal for our class website is to keep a record of past assignments – and allow students to easily access those records – this is perfect.

Think of a blog as an “Assignment Log” or “Assignment Notebook” on the Internet. And on steroids.

When you look around the sample site you’ll notice three main sections: the main content area, a sidebar, and a header.

Main Content Area

The main content area is simply a list of all the posts that I’ve made to the site – displayed in reverse chronological order. The post that appears first is the post that I added last. More often than not, the first post on the list is therefore the most recent day of class.

Within these posts, you can include basic information as well as electronic documents. Do you have a pdf file or a slideshow you want to share with your students? You can upload that and include it in your daily post. Your students can then download the file later on.

This is more or less the backbone of the site. You type up information for the students, it’s published in this list, and the students can access it.

We could stop right here and achieve all four of our goals outlined above. Everything else (the sidebar and header) is just there to help you navigate this content.

Sidebar

The second most important part of our blog is the sidebar. In my case, it’s a thin band of information to the right of the main content area.

The sidebar includes a bunch of links and resources to help students navigate the site and find the information that they’re looking for.

The first item in the sidebar is a search box. If the student types in some information (like an assignment number), the search box will usually be able to bring up the information he or she is looking for.

The second item is probably the most useful item in the sidebar. It’s a custom list that I’ve created with links to a summary for each chapter. The link takes the student to a page that lists, succinctly, every assignment that should have been completed.

One of my colleagues asked me why I do this if all of the assignments are already in the Main Content Area. Because it makes things easier to find! The entire point of the class site is to make information more accessible to the students, so it only makes sense to take a few extra steps to make that information accessible with as few clicks as possible.

Other things in the sidebar include my contact information, a list of the most recent posts, a calendar so that students can find posts by a specific date, and a list of categories to help students sort through the information.

Header

The Header is pretty sparse on my site, but it has it’s own role to play. Besides being home to a pretty logo, it also contains a list of pages. In my case, that means “Home” and “About This Site.”

In case you didn’t pick up on that slight variation, a “page” is different from a “post.” Not a huge difference, but an important one nonetheless.

For the moment, we’ll explain the difference as this: a post appears in the list in the main content area, while a page does not. Instead, pages are usually listed somewhere near the top of the site. When you create a new page, the website automatically creates a new link and adds it to that list.

Pages are great for sharing information that isn’t tied to a specific point in time. For example, you might include a general page about writing research papers – links to academic sources, information about MLA citations, and tips for editing.

Let’s Start Building!

With that, we conclude our guided tour of the Rockin’ American History website. I hope it’s been informative.

All this techno-babble is probably boring you anyway, so let’s get to the good stuff. In the next step, we’ll create your very own website.

I promise it’ll be quick, easy, and painless.

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So what happens when you’re web host’s database gets fried, and much to your chagrin you don’t have a backup?

Well, hopefully that will never happen. Hopefully your web host backs up its databases regularly. But that doesn’t mean you should trust them – you should do your own backing up.

Now, you could go into phpmyadmin and do this manually. You’d then have to store the backup on your hard drive, clear out the old ones, and make sure you’ve got the most recent ones. Manageable, but annoying.

One of the Most Useful WordPress Plugins… Ever.

So get a WordPress plugin to do it for you: WordPress Database Backup.

I snagged this when I set up this blog, and I must say: It is awesome.

In the latest version of WordPress, I click on Tools -> Backup in the dashboard to get to the WordPress-DB Backup settings.

From there, you can either manually backup the DB and store it on your computer, or set the plug-in up to automatically backup the database at a regular interval. I’ve got it set up to backup the database every day and e-mail me the backup file.

Every day around midnight, I get an e-mail containing a thoroughly compressed .sql file with the current backup. All of my current content (~3.6mb unzipped) is about 500kb when it’s compressed. At that rate, I can leave it in my gmail archives forever and probably never have to worry about running out of space.

With the combination of WordPress DB Backup and Gmail, I can easily store and sort my backups. I never have to worry about cleaning them up to make more space. And the chances of my web host’s database server and Gmail blowing up at the same time are kind of slim. I’d say that’s some pretty comforting security.

So what are you waiting for? If you aren’t backing up your database on a daily basis, grab this plug-in and set a schedule. If you don’t have a Gmail account, go sign up for one. It’s free, and I doubt you’ll ever run out of the 7gb+ storage space it provides.

The redirects were being done by the .htaccess file and mod_rewrites. If anyone besides the Feedburner bot came to the feed’s URL, they would get redirected to the Feedburner feed.

It seemed to work fine. I double checked each of the feeds by following the links, and I was automatically redirected to the Feedburner feed. What could be wrong?

I just checked one of the category specific feeds, and didn’t show any of the posts from the past week. Odd.

As it turns out, the Feedburner bot was also being redirected. But the bot was only being redirected for the category feeds. For some reason, the mod_rewrite was working fine for the sitewide feed – allowing the bot through, and redirecting other people to Feedburner – but it was malfunctioning on the category specific feeds.

To be honest, I have no idea why it didn’t work, so I just scrapped the idea and worked out something else. I kept the one redirect for the sitewide feed, and I hard-coded the Feedburner URLs into the template for the category specific feeds. Not the most elegant method, but it works.